Circuit Breaker Servicing in India

Circuit Breaker Servicing in India from System Protection

How Transformers Work

It is important to remember that transformers do not generate electrical power; they transfer electrical power from one AC circuit to another using magnetic coupling. The core of the transformer is used to provide a controlled path for the magnetic flux generated in the transformer by the current flowing through the windings, which are also known as coils.

There are four primary parts to the basic transformer. The parts include the Input Connection, the Output Connection, the Windings or Coils and the Core.

Input Connections - The input side of a transformer is called the primary side because the main electrical power to be changed is connected at this point.

Output Connections - The output side or secondary side of the transformer is where the electrical power is sent to the load. Depending on the requirement of the load, the incoming electric power is either increased or decreased.

Winding - Transformers have two windings, being the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source. The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed voltage to the load. Usually, these two coils are subdivided into several coils in order to reduce the creation of flux.

Core - The transformer core is used to provide a controlled path for the magnetic flux generated in the transformer. The core is generally not a solid bar of steel, rather a construction of many thin laminated steel sheets or layers. This construction is used to help eliminate and reduce heating.

Transformers generally have one of two types of cores: Core Type and Shell Type. These two types are distinguished from each other by the manner in which the primary and secondary coils are place around the steel core.

When an input voltage is applied to the primary winding, alternating current starts to flow in the primary winding. As the current flows, a changing magnetic field is set up in the transformer core. As this magnetic field cuts across the secondary winding, alternating voltage is produced in the secondary winding.

The ratio between the number of actual turns of wire in each coil is the key in determining the type of transformer and what the output voltage will be. The ratio between output voltage and input voltage is the same as the ratio of the number of turns between the two windings.

A transformers output voltage is greater than the input voltage if the secondary winding has more turns of wire than the primary winding. The output voltage is stepped up, and considered to be a "step-up transformer". If the secondary winding has fewer turns than the primary winding, the output voltage is lower. This is a "step-down transformer".

Electrical Testing and Commissioning

System Protection aims to provide testing and commissioning, preventative maintenance of all projects related to Infrastructures, Industries, and Power Plants etc new and existing plants in a cost effective manner. We have the resources and personnel to carry out the following either on site or in house;

·         HV & LV Switchboards

·         EHV Switchyards

·         Secondary Injection of Protection Relays

·         Calibration of Transducers

·         Primary Injection of Current Transformers

·         Insulation Resistance Tests

·         Control & Relay panel wiring, modification & Retrofit

·         Earth Testing

·         Contact Resistance

·         Testing of High Voltage Equipment

·         Transformer Winding Resistance Testing

·         Cable and Cable Fault Locating

·         Polarization Index Tests

·         Power Transformer Testing

·         Circuit Breakers

·         Power Generators

·         Relay Testing using specialized OMICRON / DOBLE Relay Test Set

We have dedicated qualified and experienced Managers, Engineers and Supervisors to execute all Electrical Testing & Commissioning Projects in a professional way and with in time schedules.

Engineering and testing services

Our highly trained field testing engineers and technicians offer you power system studies and complete engineering and testing services for acceptance, maintenance, retrofit and electrical power distribution system and equipment repair. Broad-line electrical services range from electrical contracting through sophisticated evaluation, modernization and upgrading of electrical distribution and control equipment.

Operation & Maintenance

System Protection Operation and Maintenance (O&M) is committed to provide flexible, integrated, dependable, cost effective and responsive solutions for the Operation and Maintenance requirements of Electrical power Systems. Regular maintenance ensures minimum down time, our system of maintenance and planning matching each customer's requirements. Our experienced engineers are your guarantee that costly production losses are minimized. With our expertise in the field, we are here to provide excellent service for Preventive and Break down Maintenance, Annual Maintenance, Relay Calibration, Aging of transformers, System Health Check, Day to Day care of System operation etc……

Engineering Project

System Protection enrolled by experienced senior engineers who can provide best applicable solutions on detailed engineering , supervision of Electrical installations and project management in highly standards for industrial Electrical Projects.

Our Project engineers handle the site independently for Installation supervision, Cable schedule preparations & modifications, cable laying, Erection of Switchyards, Panels & Transformers, ESP and coordination with Client and Contractors and Established cooperation with international companies in the field of project managements

Electrical Testing and Commissioning Services

Electrical Testing and Commissioning Services India from System Protection

Cable Fault Location Services

Cable Fault Location Services in India from System Protection

Industrial Electrical Contracting Services

Industrial Electrical Contracting Services India from System Protection

Air Circuit Breaker

Normally we are not used to seeing accidental explosions or fire blazing in our home or office when the current jumps above the safe level or when there are any other faults in the electrical system. When these accidental incidents are about to happen the circuit breaker cuts the power to the electrical system. Without circuit breakers (or the alternative, fuses), household electricity would be impractical because of the potential for fires and other mayhem resulting from simple wiring problems and equipment failures. It is one of the most important safety mechanisms either in the primary source of electricity or in the electrical distribution systems from where electricity is distributed in our home or in our home.

Air circuit breaker: When the breaker opens the current flow is interrupted that causes an electrical arc to be generated. This arc is cooled and extinguished in a controlled way, so that the gap between the contacts can again withstand the voltage in the circuit. When the fault condition is fixed, the contact is again closed to restore power to the interrupted circuit. When a circuit breaker uses compressed air to extinguish the arc the circuit breaker is called air circuit breaker (ACB).

Construction: Each phase of a three-phase Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) consists of 3 types of contacts, namely; main contacts which carry the load current, arcing contacts and the arcing horn.

The main contacts: Under normal operation the main contacts carry the load current. Therefore, main contact resistance must be low enough to prevent overheating, when current is flowing through it. The main contacts are therefore made up of a good conducting material such as copper, silver or copper with silver plating. Since these metals have relatively lower melting points, they can be damaged if arcing occurs. To prevent this damage, the main contacts do not make or break the current.

Arcing Contacts: Since no arcing must occur at the main contacts, arcing contacts are provided, which make or break the circuit current.

Arcing Horns: After the arc is established on the arcing contacts, it is transferred to the arcing horns during the opening of the arcing contacts. Their shape is designed to weaken or extinguish the arc.

Arc chute: The arc chute is a cooling chamber located at the top end of the breaker. It cools the hot gases which are produced when arcing occurs.

Operating mechanism: To understand the sequence of operation of various contacts in the air circuit breaker, one must realize that arcing must never occur at the main contacts.

Opening cycle: When the breaker is closed, the load current is conducted by the low resistance main contacts. But when the breaker opens, the main contacts open first and transfer the current to the arcing contacts. The arcing contacts open and an arc is established across the arcing horns. The arc rises to the top of the arcing horns and enters the arc chute where it is rapidly cooled by heat transferring mechanism in the cooling plates. Cooled gas deionizes that makes it unable to conduct electricity, and consequently arc is extinguished.

Closing cycle: In the closing cycle, the arcing contacts touch first to make the circuit again. Then the main contacts close and enable the circuit to flow electrical current.

Advantages of Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) over the other circuit breakers

* Relatively inexpensive

* Simple installation

* Simple construction

* Simple maintenance requirements

Uses:

Air Circuit Breakers (ACB) are used in both low and high voltage current. They are commonly used in electrical distribution systems and NGD for voltage up to 15 KV. Air circuit breakers (ACB) which include operating mechanisms are mainly exposed to the environment. They protect for overload, short circuit and earth fault/ground fault. Most of air circuit breakers are used in indoor type substations.

What Are Circuit Breakers?

Circuit Breakers are devices that stop the electrical current of a circuit in the event of excess or very high voltage. Circuit breakers are handy, not only because they can protect against electrical fires but also because they can be reset. When a fuse blows out, it must be replaced each time, whereas circuit breakers are easily reset when tripped.

Each appliance in your home receives electrical currents by way of electrical circuit breakers. Circuit breakers are considered to be either main or individual. The main circuit breaker controls power to the entire house while individual circuit breakers transmit power to individual appliances.

Electrical circuit breakers are probably the most important safety feature in a building. A circuit breaker measures the amount of heat produced by the current or by the magnetic field created by the small coil inside the breaker. When the current becomes too high, the breaker will cut off the circuit to stop it. Fuses serve the same function but can only be used once. Anyone who has blown a fuse can tell you it is much easier to have circuit breakers.

Electrical circuit breakers are also useful for shutting down power to the entire house. If you need to do some electrical maintenance, either for the entire structure or individual electrical wires, shutting down the main breaker can be a safety tool. Although electrical waves are invisible, we all know they have great potential danger. You should label each individual electrical circuit breaker so it is easily accessible for future use.

Direct current, or DC circuit breakers, are commonly used in automobiles. DC circuit breakers, unlike alternate current (AC) breakers, only deliver currents in one direction. These types of circuit breakers are a renewable energy delivery source, and special precautions should be taken when using them.

Since all batteries have the capability of producing enormous amounts of energy when short-circuited, care should be taken to properly install the breaker, fuse and disconnects in a vehicle. Autos should have additional protection against over current for the battery and each of the branch circuits. Vehicle fires sometimes result when the owner does not take proper precautions.

DC circuit breakers often have plastic beads inside of the fuse. When the current becomes too heavy, these plastic beads can melt and fill the void inside the fuse and prevent an arc from forming. If the current is very heavy this can cause electrical fires. While DC circuit breakers are effective in preventing damage from an overload of current, they are only effective to a certain degree. Any power source using DC technology should have a backup master fuse to protect the vehicle against total short-circuit.